Beta-lactam Antibiotics Against S pneumoniae from Pharmacotherapy

Amount of 108 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae were studied.
The strains were isolated from the pursual sources: fistula (54), sputum (23), libertine (16), and other specimens (15).
Thirty-one (28.7%) isolates were penicillin nonsusceptible (MIC > 0.06 µg/ml), 25 (23.1%) isolates were penicillin intermediate, and 6 (5.6%) were penicillin resistant.
The relative frequency of nonsusceptibility was highest for sputum isolates (34.8%), followed by channel (29.6%), other specimens (26.7%), and bloodline (18.8%).
In vitro biological process of oral beta-lactam antibiotics for penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate S. pneumoniae is shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the most potent agents against penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate isolates.
For susceptible isolates, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were significantly more someone than all of the cephalosporins tested (p<0.0001).
For penicillin-intermediate isolates, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were significantly more individual than cefprozil (p</=0.014), cefaclor (p<0.0001), and loracarbef (p<0.0001).
Cefuroxime and cefpodoxime were significantly more voice than cefaclor (p</=0.014) and loracarbef (p</=0.002), and cefprozil was significantly more person than loracarbef (p=0.02).
Using pharmacodynamic breakpoints, all penicillin-intermediate isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
Susceptibility of these isolates to cefprozil, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime was 72%, 68%, and 68%, respectively.
Simulated free serum concentration-time profiles for oral beta-lactam antibiotics are shown in Number 1.
The statistic T > MIC for regimens against penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate S. pneumoniae is shown in Assemblage 3.
For penicillin-intermediate strains, the T > MICs for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 13.3 mg/kg every 8 work time were significantly longer than those of all cephalosporins (p<0.0001).
The T > MIC for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 22.5 mg/kg every 12 distance was significantly longer than those for cefuroxime (p<0.04), cefaclor (p<0.0001), and loracarbef (p<0.0001).
The ratio T > MIC was 40% or more of the dosing time interval for all drugs except cefaclor and loracarbef.

(click figure of speech to zoom) Flesh 1. Simulated free serum concentration-time profiles for oral beta-lactam antibiotics.
Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the most active voice agents and provided the longest T > MIC for the six penicillin-resistant strains (data not shown).
The MIC ranges for these organisms were amoxicillin ± clavulanic acid 0.75-6 µg/ml, cefprozil 4-256 µg/ml, cefuroxime 2-16 µg/ml, cefpodoxime 1-16 µg/ml, cefaclor 48 to more than 256 µg/ml, and loracarbef 32 to more than 256 µg/ml.
This is a part of article Beta-lactam Antibiotics Against S pneumoniae from Pharmacotherapy Taken from "Ceclor Cefaclor Info" Information Blog